This new briefing paper looks at the disproportionate role wealthy nations have had in contributing to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, contrasted with the role of poorer nations and people. It also looks at who has benefited the most from GHG-intensive development patterns and who is most affected by climate change. The paper also links the eradication of the Indigenous commons in the U.S. and the capture of agriculture by agribusiness to tjhe market-based philosophy underlying the industrial worlds approach to climate change.