This paper was included as a chapter in the book "Toxic Struggles. The Theory and Practice of Environmental Justice", edited by Richard Hofrichter,

Two competing visions are discussed. One approach emphasizes the preservation of our soil, air, water, wildlife and biodiversity in order to ensure economic security. The other is a free-market, free-trade or deregulation approach which externalizes almost all social, environmental and health costs which are ultimately paid for by taxpayers and future generations.